THE RIGHT TECHNIQUE USED IN SILAT TANDING COMPETITION




FACULTY OF SPORT SCIENCE & RECREATION

SRT605
STATISTICS IN SPORT AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

TITLE:
“THE RIGHT TECHNIQUE USED
 IN SILAT TANDING COMPETITION”

PREPARED BY:
NURFARAH SYAHIRA BINTI MD YUSOF
2015183643

PREPARED FOR:
DR. MOHAMAD NIZAM BIN MOHAMED SHAPIE


SUBMISSION DATE:
18th APRIL 2017


1.0 ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to know the block, kick, punch, topple and others technique used in Silat competition of the 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015, Men’s Semi Finals Match Class E 70kg Mas vs Singapore, Men’s Final Match Class E 70kg, Mas vs Vietnam, Women’s Semi Finals Match Class D 65kg Mas vs Singapore, and Women’s Final Match Class D 65kg Mas vs Vietnam. All these matches were won by both men and women Malaysia’s players. In silat can be divided into two categories which are Silat seni and Silat olahraga. For this study, silat olahraga is a main basic of sparing in competition. This analysis in term of blocking, kicking, punch and topple hit target, hit elsewhere, miss opponent will be used to determine the accuracy of how many successful the technique is good.
This technique would be occurring when the two pesilat perform in a competition. Pesilat can perform their technique of blocking by using hand while topple can use hand or leg to take down the opponent. However, the point will be collected according to the opponent falling down to the ground. The notational analyses are used to record the block, kick, punch, topple hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Silat is a term used to describe a form of martial art practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago. Silat is one of the martial arts that originated from Indonesia. It is called as a tradition practiced in southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and Malaysia. Silat is the Malay art of combat fighting art. Silat can be divided into two categories which are Silat Martial Arts and Sports. Sport martial arts are well adjusted to the Philippines. For the real attack in silat, had an opponent with superior strength can be solved because in Silat Sports has a several of techniques used in defeating enemies with a stronger built. In addition, the minimum body movements needed to maintain the strength of fighters to respond more effectively and better attacks.
Thus, in the art of Silat Sports, pesilat learn special attacks, tactic and defensive techniques. In fact, in self-defence, what matters is the person's response to the accuracy of one's opponent using body movements to a minimum level. This might help to reduce the amount of energy consumed and thereby create a more effective and good response. Besides, the movement such as throw who only use techniques attackers hit when attacking or defending them. To obtain timely and effective responses to the attacks of the enemy, pesilat are taught specific techniques that will allow them to develop his full potential. For the beginner of pesilat, they did not use any weapons, martial arts practice. Then, they are taught to use special weapons such as sticks, knives, and other weapons because easy them to learn and know how to use when using the real weapons.
Several hundreds of different styles of Silat is known but every one of them focuses on the same concepts of martial applications. These are punches, joint manipulations, usage of bladed weapons (you can find further reading on this topic later on), throws, and fighting methods that imitate different wild animals and the combinations of all of these. Silat schools are supervised by independent national associations in all the major countries where Silat is a traditional martial art. The most important of these are the following: Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI), Persekutan Silat Kebangsaan Malaysia (PESAKA), Persekutan Silat Brunei (PERSIB) and Persekutan Silat Singapura (PERSISI).

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD


The data will be analysed based on the video matches Pencak Silat Tanding Men’s Semi Final Match Class E (70kg) Malaysia vs Singapore, Men’s Final Match Class E (70kg) Malaysia vs Vietnam, Women’s Semi Finals Match Class D (65kg) Malaysia vs Singapore, and Women’s Final Match Class D (65kg) Malaysia vs Vietnam on 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. This analysis more focuses on the specific skills, which are punching, kicking, blocking, and topple categorized each of these indicators into hit target, hit elsewhere, and miss opponent. Besides that, the video will be repeated and play in slow motion to identify the action or skills made by exponents to get the accurate analyse (Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013). There have several types of categories that have been showed.
·         Block:
The blocking movements will start with the posture position and the exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking also can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back at any attack.
·         Kick:
The kick is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. It can be front kick, side-kick or semi-circular side kick. Every shot or kick should be at the front of the body, from the chest to the centre. Apart from these places, the scores will not count
·         Punch:
The punch attack is done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch or uppercut to the exponent body. Basically many pesilat use the straight punch because easy to get the chance and collect the point.
·         Topple:
There are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. Pesilat can push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the pesilat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down.
·         Catch:
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat ex- opponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponent’s.
·         Sweep:
Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which are on the ground to unstabilise him and bring down to the ground.  A silat exponent can perform this attacking movement either with his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep ‘sapu- an depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg.
·         Dodge:
The evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and etc. [10]. Self-Release: Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent.
·         Block and Punch:
 The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent. Block and Kick: The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent.
·         Block and Sweep:
 The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent. Fake Punch: An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture.
·         Fake Kick:
An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture. Others: Both silat exponents are either in posture position ‘sikap pasang’ or coming close to each other using silat step pattern ‘pola langkah’

4.0 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The observation generated data will be frequency counted. All the raw data collected from the all matches use the system produce by Shapie at al 2013 statistical analysis was conducted using (SPSS) Statistical package social science version 21. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the difference performance between the winner and loser in silat matches.

5.0 RESULTS


The result has been showed in the table below which is the first table there have 13 techniques that combine from the winner and loser while the second table shows the specific skills from the exponents used such as block, kick, punch, and topple techniques. There have three outcomes based on the observation from the video matches, which are hit elsewhere, hit target and miss opponent. All these matches were won by Malaysia’s Team.



The first match is Men’s Semi Finals Class E (70kg) Mas vs Singapore (Day 8). Red (Singapore), Blue (Malaysia).


Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block
2


2
Block and kick
2
2

4
Block and punch
2
1

3
Block and sweep
2
2

4
Kick
6
10
4
20
Fake kick


2
2
Punch
1
4
2
7
Fake punch


1
1
Self-release




Topple
11
17
1
29
Sweep


1
1
Catch

4

4
Dodge

5

5
Others




Total
26
45
11
82

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Red (Viet)
5
9
4
10
28
Blue (Mas)
8
17
8
19
52



Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Blue)
Block (Red)
1.66
2.66
0.84
1.37
Kick (Blue)
Kick (Red)
3.00
5.66
4.64
6.54
Punch (Blue)
Punch (Red)
1.33
2.66
1.78
2.77
Topple (Blue)
Topple (Red)
3.33
6.33
4.72
8.96

        

The second match is Men’s Final Class E (70kg) Mas vs Vietnam (Day 9). Red (Vie), Blue (Malaysia).


Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block
3
3

6
Block and kick
2


2
Block and punch
1
2
1
4
Block and sweep

1

1
Kick
9
12
8
29
Fake kick


2
2
Punch
2
7
2
11
Fake punch




Self-release




Topple
4
10

14
Sweep
1
2
1
4
Catch

6

6
Dodge

2

2
Others




Total
22
45
14
81

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Blue (Sing)
5
17
10
4
36
Red (Mas)
8
16
5
9
38



Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Blue)
Block (Red)
1.66
2.66
1.31
1.97
Kick (Blue)
Kick (Red)
5.66
5.33
7.23
8.39
Punch (Blue)
Punch (Red)
3.33
1.66
4.16
1.53
Topple (Blue)
Topple (Red)
1.33
3.00
1.89
4.24



The third match is Women’s Semi Finals Class D (65kg)  Mas vs Singapore Red (Mas), Blue (Singapore)


Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block
3
5

8
Block and kick
5
2

7
Block and punch
2
2

4
Block and sweep




Kick
8
3
6
17
Fake kick
2
1

3
Punch
5
2
2
9
Fake punch




Self-release




Topple
9
5

14
Sweep


2
2
Catch

4

4
Dodge

6

6
Others




Total
34
30
10
74

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Red (Mas) 
12
14
6
11
43
Blue (Sing)
7
13
7
3
30





Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Blue)
Block (Red)
4.00
2.33
5.09
1.53
Kick (Blue)
Kick (Red)
4.66
4.33
2.52
4.93
Punch (Blue)
Punch (Red)
2.00
2.33
1.73
3.21
Topple (Blue)
Topple (Red)
3.66
1.00
3.21
1.73



The fourth match is Women’s Final class D (65kg) Mas vs Vietnam. Red (Vietnam), Blue (Mas)


Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block

4
1
5
Block and kick




Block and punch
5
1

6
Block and sweep
1


1
Kick
3
5
1
9
Fake kick


4
4
Punch
3
5
1
9
Fake punch


1
1
Self-release




Topple
2
4
2
8
Sweep
2

5
7
Catch

2

2
Dodge

2

2
Others




Total
16
23
15
54

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Blue (Mas)
6
9
11
5
31
Red (Viet)
6
3
5
3
17



Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Blue)
Block (Red)
2.00
2.00
2.64
2.23
Kick (Blue)
Kick (Red)
3.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Punch (Blue)
Punch (Red)
3.66
1.66
2.31
2.08
Topple (Blue)
Topple (Red)
1.66
1.00
2.36
0.71


6.0 DISCUSSION


According to the data or result has shown, that the all matches won by Malaysia. For the first match is Men’s Semi Final Class E 70kg Malaysia vs Singapore. Second match is Men’s Final Class E 70kg Malaysia vs Vietnam. Then, the third match is Women’s Semi Final Class D 65kg, Malaysia vs Singapore and the last match is Women’s Final Class D 65kg, Malaysia vs Vietnam. Based on my record from the video matches, the total of frequency table for Malaysia is 52, 38, 43 and 31. This total are comprising from variety technique such as block, kick, punch and topple. From this result Malaysia are higher than the other exponents during the competition. In this match, the fighter or exponents use both upper and lower body part to make a movement and the fighter is really good in both at punching and kicking than other techniques.
For this analysis, the fighter has to developed more strength, power, agility and cardiovascular fitness to enhance or maintain the performance level. Each physical fitness component is important to them for developed or train during training and will perform well during competition. Current study showed, the fighter mostly used kicking and punching techniques than other that is because the fighter was good at both techniques to get more score or point during competition. Usually, the winner uses their tactic and knows how to make self-defence very well from being attacked and always find the chance to attack the opponent such as topple down which is the fighter use their leg or hand to let the opponent falling down to the floor then after that the fighter will get the point (Shapie, M. N. M. & Elias, 2015).
Refer to frequency of table the first match Men Semi Final Malaysia (blue) and Singapore (red). The fighter from Malaysia got higher score which is from block 8 times, kick 17, punch 8 and topple 19. For the second match Men Final Malaysia made block 8, kick 16, punch 5 and topple 9. In this match, the fighter used licking more than punch, topple and block. The third match is Women Malaysia Semi Final made block he made 12, kick 14, punch 6 and topple 11. The ‘Pesilat’ or fighter in this match needs more strength and power at lower body especially leg to do the faster kick. The last match is Women Final Malaysia made block 6 times, kick 9, punch 11 and topple. In this match, the fighter used topple as their main technique to let the opponent fall down and get the higher score.

 

7.0 CONCLUSION


The conclusion of this study is to determine the level method used by the both exponents Silat Olahraga Sea Game 2015. For example, used block, kick, punch and topple then measured by hit elsewhere, hit target and miss opponent. The exponents who make the best technique or use more tactical, will get the higher score and win the competition. Besides, Pesilat need to improve their fitness level such as muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, power, agility, speed to enhance their performance level. In this study is to observe which techniques are used more during competition by both fighters. The fewer mistakes they made, the better result they will get. However, the exponents should develop more their strength, power, agility to give the fast attack to the opponent. Based on this observation, the winner used more kick and topples technique to get the higher score than the other fighter. Both the exponents used the high intensity action than low intensity action during the competition because it also helps to contribute to get the highest score rather than low intensity action. Last but not least, to ensure the good performance played by the athletes of ‘Pesilat’, they have to fully prepared especially on their physical & mental in order to give their best commitment and also good results by winning each games.




8.0 REFERRENCES


https://martial-arts-self-defense.knoji.com/silat-olahraga-the-malay-martial-arts-of-selfdefense/
https://malaymartialarts-silat.blogspot.my/2013/05/the-silat-olahraga.html
http://ezinearticles.com/?Three-Fighting-Secrets-To-Topple-Down-Your-Opponent-Easily-In-Silat-Olahraga-Match&id=5536517
http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Physiology-Demands-of-Silat-Olahraga&id=5542798
https://www.scribd.com/document/158407622/The-Silat-Olahraga
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class E Semi-finals Mas vs Singapore
            (Day 8); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L62CI3MJ-8A
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class E Final Mas vs Vietnam
            (Day 9); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGK1CSVk0qs
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Women's Class D Semi Finals Malaysia vs Singapore
            (Day 8); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from
             https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KabRtORJHh0
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Women's Class D Final Mas vs Vietnam
           (Day 9); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8znlq-xjOzc&t=185s
Latifah, E., Rusdiana, A., Ugelta, S., Budiman, D., & Karmini, M. (2017). Contribution of Intelligence and Emotional Qoutients with Performance Athletes Pencak Silat. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
Shapie, M. M., Oliver, J., O’Donoghue, P., & Tong, R. (2013). Activity profile during action time in national silat competition. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts., 1(2), 81-86.
Shapie, M. N. M. (2011). Influence of Age and Maturation on Fitness Development, Trainability And Competitive Performance In Youth Silat. Cardiff Metropolitan University.  
Shapie, M. N. M., & Elias, M. S. (2015). Seni Silat Malaysia: The Malay Arts of Self-Defence. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Health and Martial Arts in Interdisciplinary Approach, HMA 2015.
Shapie, M. N. M., & Elias, M. S. (2016). Silat: The curriculum of Seni Silat Malaysia. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 11(2s), 122-125.
Shapie, M. N. M., Zenal, Z., Parnabas, V., & Abdullah, N. M. (2016). The Correlation between Leadership Coaching Style and Satisfaction among University Silat Olahraga Athletes. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 3(16), 34-39.

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